Hernia is Associate in Nursing abnormal protrusion of internal organs

Hernia is Associate in Nursing abnormal protrusion of internal organs through Associate in Nursing abnormal gap within the wall of the cavity.A combination of multiplied pressure within the body with weakness within the wall is chargeable for this condition.In this condition internal organs or elements of organs ar protruded out forming a swelling which is able to increase the scale with coughing and lifting weight,and whereas passing stool and excrement.In lying down position the swelling goes within except in strangulated and irreducible herniation.

Causes:-

1, Weakness within the body wall:--

a) inborn weakness.

b) noninheritable weakness as a result of injuries,wasting of muscles,suppurative lesions within the wall and presence of weak natural openings,obesity,lack of exercise,repeated physiological state.

c) operation with improper stitching or infection of operated website.


2) multiplied pressure within the body.

a) Chronic constipation.

b) repeated cough.

c) Weight lifting.

d) Stricture of canal.

Common sites for hernia:--

Hernia will occure anyplace within the body.However there ar some common sites for herniation.Due to the presence of onerous bony covering chest wall is generally not affected.Hernia within the lower back is additionally rare as a result of spine and back muscles and difficult ligaments and sheeths.The common website for herniation is wall.Compared to different elements the wall is weak as a result of the presence of some natural orifices.There ar some aras whereby the abdominal muscles are weaker and skinny and every one these factors build an opportunity for hernia.The common sites for herniation ar following.

a) area hernia:

Here the abdominal contents protrude through the {inguinal canal|canalis areais|duct|epithelial duct|canal|channel} (passage within the lower wall simply on top of the inguinal ligament.It is seen on either side).This type is common in males.Initially the swelling comes solely whereas straining and goes back whereas lying down. Later the massive portion of gut could embark which can not return simply.

b) limb hernia:

This type of herniation is a lot of in females.Here the abdominal contents undergo the limb canal that is seen just under the junction between the thigh and lower abdominal wall(Inside the limb triangle).The contents pass down and comes out through saphenous gap within the thigh and forms a swelling underneath the skin.

c) point hernia:

This is common in kids.The omphalus is that the weaker a part of the abdomen.The contents of the abdomen could protrude as a bulb like swelling whereas crying and defecating.

d) Incisional hernia:

These hernias ar seen in operated sites. as a result of improper stitching or infection the operated website becomes weak leading to herniation.

e) Epigastric hernia:

Here the hearniation occures within the region. it's a rare sort.

f) body part hernia:

Here the herniation seem within the body part space on either aspect of the body part spine(in the body part triangle).This is additionally a rare sort.

g) prosthetic device hernia:

This is a rare style of herniation. Here the contents undergo prosthetic device hiatus within the girdle bone.


Complications of hernia:--

1) Strangulation:

If the hernial passageway is slender the abdominal contents might not return simply, and later the blood flow to the herniated tissues could also be blocked as a result of constricition.This can cause death of protruded gut.

2) internal organ obstruction:

This occures once the complete portion of the gut is protruded in to the hernial sac. The slender hernial passageway can block the passage of bowels.

3) Infection and peritonitis:

If there's strangulation with death of some of gut there'll be unfold of infection to the abdomen leading to redness.

Treatment of hernia:--

Initial treatment: within the initial stages of herniation the subsequent steps could also be helpful

1) Use of herniation belt:

Special forms of herniation belts ar accessible for every style of heania.This will stop the protrusion and can scale back pain.

2) Constipation,recurrent cough,urinary obstruction shock therapy ought to be treated.

3) Fat reduction can increase the strength of wall.

4) Abdominal exercises to extend the muscular tonus.

5) Take many ivy-covered vegetables, fruits and fibrous diet for simple internal organ movements.

6) attempt different systems like medical aid,Herbal medication and shock therapy

If no relief by the on top of steps consult a general physician for surgical management.

Surgical treatment.

The following operations ar done relying abreast of the sort and nature of herniation.

1) Hertniotomy : during this operation the contents of hernial sac is pushed in to the abdomen and neck of the sac is ligated with transfixion ligature and therefore the sac is stop.

2) Herniorrhaphy: Here along side herniotomy the posterior wall is repaired.

3) Hernioplasty: This operation is finished if herniotomy isn't attainable as a result of wide neck of the sac.Here the repair is finished with the healp of non absorbable materials like atomic number 73 gauze,polypropylene mesh or chrome steel mesh.
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